Archives:

Archives: Following the initial defense of Kirkuk in early 2015, Peshmerga forces engaged in sustained positional warfare and tactical counter-offensives across the southern reaches of Kirkuk Governorate, primarily along the Tel al-Ward, Mala Abdullah, Maryam Beg, and Maktab Khalid frontlines. Operating under persistent fire and harsh environmental conditions, these units established fortified defensive perimeters, secured critical oil infrastructure, and successfully repelled multiple…