a href"https:cms.hoover.orgplusresearchmaritime-chokepoints-hormuz-and-beyond" hreflang"en"Maritime Chokepoints: Hormuz and Beyonda

Iran did not need a navy to close the Strait of Hormuz and disrupt global trade – only missiles on shore, drones in the air, and mines beneath the waves. For centuries, only naval power could determine who used the world's narrow straits, but now even navy-less actors can disrupt global trade. To keep the sea lanes open, America and its allies must deter attempts to close a chokepoint and build the reserves and bypass routes that blunt the damage when narrow waterways do close.